What is the primary purpose of swash bulkheads in a ship's tank?

The primary purpose of swash bulkheads in a ship's tank is to reduce liquid movement within a tank. Swash bulkheads are internal partitions that limit the sloshing or free movement of liquid caused by the motion of the vessel, especially during rolling and pitching. By minimizing the movement of liquids, swash bulkheads help maintain greater stability of the ship and prevent excessive forces that could lead to structural damage. This controlled liquid movement also enhances the overall safety and efficiency of cargo handling, thereby contributing to the ship's stability and operational effectiveness at sea.

While enhancing liquid storage capacity, supporting hull structure, and facilitating access for inspections may be relevant features of tank design, they do not represent the primary function as effectively as the reduction of liquid movement. The focus on preventing sloshing is crucial for maintaining a stable operational environment and ensuring the safety of both the vessel and its cargo.