What does the term counter flooding refer to?

The term counter flooding refers to the practice of pumping seawater into the high side or end of a ship. This technique is employed to help stabilize a vessel that may be listing or heeling due to uneven weight distribution or flooding on one side. By introducing water into the side of the ship that is higher, it can counterbalance the effects of the flooding, helping to right the vessel and maintain an upright position. This method is crucial in emergency situations where maintaining the ship’s stability is necessary to prevent capsizing.

The other options do not align with the definition of counter flooding. Pumping water into a sinking ship, for example, would not help balance the weight distribution, while removing excess water relates more to dewatering processes rather than stabilization. Draining ballast tanks typically serves to adjust the vessel's draft or trim rather than directly countering flooding.