A crew member has suffered frostbite to the toes. Which of the following is not an acceptable first aid measure?

Rubbing the toes of a frostbite victim can cause further damage to already compromised tissue. Frostbite affects blood flow and can lead to cell death; therefore, any unnecessary friction or pressure can exacerbate the injury. Instead of rubbing, the focus should be on gentle warming and protecting the affected area.

Using methods such as wrapping the foot in a warm blanket, soaking the toes in warm water (not hot), or seeking immediate medical attention are all appropriate responses. These actions help to gradually increase blood flow to the area without risking additional injury, which is crucial in the treatment of frostbite.